11, but for the surface all-wave CRE (W m −2).Ĭlouds are an essential parameter of the surface energy budget influencing the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) response to atmospheric warming and net contribution to global sea level rise. 11, but for the surface SW CRE (W m −2).Īs in Fig. Seasonal means of the surface LW CRE (W m −2) over WA calculated from CALIPSO, CloudSat, and MODIS cloud observations for (a) spring (SON), (b) summer (DJF), (c) autumn (MAM), and (d) winter (JJA), for the period 2007–10.Īs in Fig. 9, but for the net LW, SW, and all-wave CRE. The mean annual cycle is shown as circles connected by a black curve, the interior line indicates the median, boxes show the 25th and 75th percentiles, and whiskers extend to the 5th and 95th percentiles.Īs in Fig.
Monthly radiant flux distributions are illustrated by box-and-whisker plots. Green diamonds show the average fluxes measured at WAIS Divide during AWARE, from to. 5– 7, cloud incidence is partitioned by thermodynamic phase for latitude bands (top) 77°, (middle) 79°, and (bottom) 81°S but for (left) December, (center) January, and (right) February.Īnnual cycle and monthly variability in net (top) LW, (middle) SW, and (bottom) all-wave radiative fluxes (left) over the entire WAIS and (right) at the WAIS Divide ice camp. Monthly cloud incidence over WA during the austral summer, from 2007 to 2010. In each panel from left to right: Transantarctic Mountains, RIS, Siple Coast, CID, southern Ronne–Filchner Ice Shelf, and Queen Maud Land. In each panel from left to right: Transantarctic Mountains, northern RIS, WAIS, Ronne Ice Shelf, Berkner Island, FIS, and Queen Maud Land.Īs in Fig. WAIS Divide is located in the middle of the transect at 248☎. From left to right, geographic features include the Antarctic Plateau, Ross Sea, MBL, Ellsworth Land, Ronne–Filchner Ice Shelf, Weddell Sea, and Queen Maud Land.Īs in Fig. In each panel, cloud incidence is partitioned by thermodynamic phase from top to bottom: ice, mixed phase, and liquid water. Zonal transects of seasonal cloud incidence over WA along 77°S, for the period 2007–10. Seasonal composites of the negative pressure vertical velocity, or omega, at 700 mb − ω 700 from ERA-Interim during (a) spring (SON), (b) summer (DJF), (c) autumn (MAM), and (d) winter (JJA), for the period 2007–10. No satellite data are available poleward of 82°S. The star in (b) marks the location of WAIS Divide. Seasonal cloud amount over WA from CloudSat– CALIPSO overlaid with mean horizontal circulation vectors at 700 mb from ERA-Interim, for (a) spring (SON), (b) summer (DJF), (c) autumn (MAM), and (d) winter (JJA) during 2007–10. The Antarctic BSRN category includes data from all three sites. (bottom) Distributions of the instantaneous (modeled minus measured) irradiance error. (top) Scatterplots of the instantaneous C3M-modeled vs BSRN-measured LW↓, including the Δ (W m −2), RMSE, r, and linear least squares regression curve as a blue dashed line. Dots on the inset map indicate the location of the WAIS Divide ice camp (green) and Neumayer (orange), Syowa (red), and Concordia stations (blue).Ĭ3M surface downwelling longwave irradiance (LW↓) validation at BSRN sites in West and East Antarctica, for the period 2007–10. Initials show the location of the Amundsen Sea (AS), ASE, Bellingshausen Sea (BS), central ice divide (CID), Filchner Ice Shelf (FIS), LCIS, and Marie Byrd Land (MBL). Map of West Antarctica showing the terrain height at a 250-m interval.
0 kommentar(er)
